NSAA 2016 D568/1

• A.$x < 4$
• B.$x > 4$
• C.$x < 20$
• D.$x > 20$
• E.$x < 22$
• F.$x > 22$
• G.$x < 28$
• H.$x > 28$

Answer: G

• A.$1-2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{2}$
• B.$5-2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3}$
• C.$2\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{2}$
• D.1
• E.$5-\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3}$
• F.$13-2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3}$
• G.$5+2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3}$
• H.5

Answer: B

• A.1:2
• B.2:1
• C.3:4
• D.3:25
• E.4:3
• F.25:3

Answer: C

• A.20 years
• B.22 years
• C.30 years
• D.40 years
• E.50 years
• F.52 years

Answer: E

• A.£600
• B.£3000
• C.£5400
• D.£6000
• E.£9000
• F.£9600
• G.£12000

Answer: C

• A.2 km
• B.$2\sqrt{3}$ km
• C.4 km
• D.$2\sqrt{5}$ km
• E.$4\sqrt{2}$ km

Answer: B

• A.$\frac{3}{2}$
• B.2
• C.$\frac{81}{16}$
• D.$\frac{27}{14}$
• E.12
• F.16

Answer: F

In a trapezium PQRS, the parallel sides are PQ and RS.

PQ = $(x-1)$cm, RS = $(x+5)$cm and the vertical height QR = x cm.

[diagram not to scale]

The area of the trapezium is 120 cm².

What is the length of RS?

• A.9 cm
• B.10 cm
• C.11 cm
• D.12 cm
• E.15 cm
• F.17 cm

Answer: E

• A.$b = \pm \sqrt{\frac{a+2}{3a+1}}$
• B.$b = \pm \sqrt{\frac{a+2}{3a-1}}$
• C.$b = \pm \sqrt{\frac{2-a}{3a+1}}$
• D.$b = \pm \sqrt{\frac{2-a}{3a-1}}$
• E.$b = \pm \sqrt{\frac{3}{3a+1}}$
• F.$b = \pm \sqrt{\frac{3}{3a-1}}$

Answer: B

A thin rectangular sheet of metal 10m by 5m is made into an open ended cylinder by joining the edges PS and QR.

The height of the cylinder is 10m.

[diagram not to scale]

What is the volume, in cubic metres, enclosed by this cylinder?

• A.$\frac{5}{2\pi}$
• B.$\frac{25}{4\pi}$
• C.$\frac{125}{2\pi}$
• D.$62.5\pi$
• E.$\frac{125}{\pi}$
• F.$250\pi$

Answer: C

• A.$3-\frac{2}{x}$
• B.$3+\frac{2}{x}$
• C.$4-\frac{2}{x}$
• D.$4+\frac{2}{x}$
• E.$5-\frac{2}{x}$
• F.$5+\frac{2}{x}$

Answer: A

• A.$\frac{3}{20}$
• B.$\frac{9}{37}$
• C.$\frac{4}{15}$
• D.$\frac{16}{37}$
• E.$\frac{32}{57}$

Answer: D

• A.$3^9$
• B.$3^{-2n}$
• C.$3^{2-2n}$
• D.$3^{4n}$
• E.$3^{6n-2}$
• F.$3^6$

Answer: D

In the diagram below, PQRS is part of a regular polygon.

The polygon has n sides.

The side PQ is extended to T such that PQT is a straight line.

The length of RQ is the same as the length of RT.

Find an equation for n in terms of x, where x is the size of angle $\angle QRT$ in degrees.

• A.$n = \frac{180}{x-90}$
• B.$n = \frac{180-x}{720}$
• C.$n = \frac{360-x}{90}$
• D.$n = \frac{360}{180-x}$
• E.$n = \frac{720}{180-x}$
• F.$n = \frac{720}{360-x}$
• G.$n = \frac{360}{360-x}$

Answer: E

• A.$\frac{27}{250}$
• B.$\frac{3}{25}$
• C.$\frac{63}{500}$
• D.$\frac{37}{250}$
• E.$\frac{39}{50}$
• F.$\frac{21}{100}$

Answer: B

• A.$a=-5, b=9$
• B.$a=5, b=9$
• C.$a=-5, b=11$
• D.$a=5, b=11$
• E.$a=-6, b=11$
• F.$a=6, b=11$
• G.$a=-6, b=13$
• H.$a=6, b=13$

Answer: A

• A.$\sqrt{2}$
• B.2
• C.$2\sqrt{2}$
• D.4
• E.$4\sqrt{2}$

Answer: C

• A.$p < -4, p > 0$
• B.$-4 < p < 0$
• C.$p < 0$
• D.$p < 2$
• E.$2 < p < 3$
• F.$p < 2, p > 3$

Answer: F

In the 1920s scientists discovered that the universe is expanding. One consequence of this expansion is that the intense gamma-ray radiation that filled the early universe has now been shifted to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Which line of the table describes how the expansion of the universe has affected the frequency and wavelength of these electromagnetic waves?

• A.effect on frequency: decrease, effect on wavelength: decrease
• B.effect on frequency: decrease, effect on wavelength: increase
• C.effect on frequency: increase, effect on wavelength: decrease
• D.effect on frequency: increase, effect on wavelength: increase
• E.effect on frequency: no effect, effect on wavelength: decrease
• F.effect on frequency: no effect, effect on wavelength: increase

Answer: B

• A.3 alpha
• B.2 alpha and 1 beta
• C.2 alpha and 2 beta
• D.1 alpha and 2 beta
• E.3 beta

Answer: D

A cylindrical copper bar X of length l has a cross-sectional area A. The colder end of the bar is kept at temperature $T_1$ and the hotter end is kept at temperature $T_2$.

The curved surface of the bar is perfectly insulated and thermal energy is conducted from the hotter end of the bar to the colder end. Changes in l, A, $T_1$ and $T_2$ may alter the rate at which thermal energy is conducted along the copper bar. In which case is the rate of conduction of thermal energy along the insulated bar the same as for bar X?

• A.change in A: doubles, change in l: no change, change in T1: no change, change in T2: no change
• B.change in A: halves, change in l: no change, change in T1: no change, change in T2: no change
• C.change in A: no change, change in l: doubles, change in T1: no change, change in T2: no change
• D.change in A: no change, change in l: halves, change in T1: no change, change in T2: no change
• E.change in A: no change, change in l: no change, change in T1: decreases by 10°C, change in T2: increases by 10°C
• F.change in A: no change, change in l: no change, change in T1: decreases by 10°C, change in T2: no change
• G.change in A: no change, change in l: no change, change in T1: increases by 10°C, change in T2: decreases by 10°C
• H.change in A: no change, change in l: no change, change in T1: increases by 10°C, change in T2: increases by 10°C

Answer: H

The graph shown of quantity y against quantity x represents the motion of a body.

(The scales on both axes are in the appropriate S.I. units, and the gravitational field strength g is $10 N kg^{-1}$.)

Which two of the following could the graph represent?

1. kinetic energy against velocity for an object of mass 10kg undergoing free-fall
2. potential energy against height for an object of mass 20 kg being lifted by a constant external force
3. velocity against time for an object of mass 20 kg being accelerated by a resultant force of 100 N
4. work done by an external force of 5N against distance moved for an object of mass 12 kg being moved at constant speed by (and in the direction of) the external force

• A.1 and 2
• B.1 and 3
• C.1 and 4
• D.2 and 3
• E.2 and 4
• F.3 and 4

Answer: F

A uranium-235 nucleus can undergo fission to produce two smaller nuclei.

Which of the diagrams, if any, could represent this process?

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.1 and 3 only
• G.2 and 3 only
• H.1, 2 and 3

Answer: C

• A.7.2 W
• B.18 W
• C.27 W
• D.45 W
• E.72 W
• F.75 W

Answer: D

The diagram shows a 12V battery, a switch and three resistors. Each resistor has a resistance of 30 $\Omega$.

Initially the switch is open.

What happens to the reading on the ammeter when the switch is closed?

• A.It decreases by 0.20 A.
• B.It decreases by 0.40 A.
• C.It decreases by 0.60 A.
• D.It decreases by 0.80 A.
• E.It increases by 0.20 A.
• F.It increases by 0.40 A.
• G.It increases by 0.60 A.
• H.It increases by 0.80 A.

Answer: E

• A.$2.5 \times 10^{27}$ W
• B.$1.0 \times 10^{28}$ W
• C.$2.0 \times 10^{28}$ W
• D.$2.5 \times 10^{29}$ W
• E.$1.0 \times 10^{30}$ W
• F.$2.0 \times 10^{30}$ W
• G.$2.5 \times 10^{33}$ W
• H.$1.0 \times 10^{34}$ W

Answer: D

• A.900 cm
• B.1200 cm
• C.1800 cm
• D.2400 cm
• E.3600 cm
• F.4800 cm

Answer: E

A motor is used to lift a mass of 5.0 kg using a pulley system as shown in the diagram. The pulley is secured to the roof using a coupling.

The motor needs to cause the mass to accelerate upwards at $0.80 ms^{-2}$.

What is the minimum tension force that the coupling must be able to withstand without breaking?

(The gravitational field strength g is $10Nkg^{-1}$. The pulley system is frictionless and has negligible mass. The rope has negligible mass and is inextensible.)

• A.4.0 N
• B.8.0 N
• C.46 N
• D.50 N
• E.54 N
• F.92 N
• G.104 N
• H.108 N

Answer: H

A heater is connected in series with a resistor and a 6.0 V battery in the circuit shown.

The total resistance of the circuit is 15 $\Omega$. In 3.0 minutes, 180 J of electrical energy is transferred into other forms in the heater.

How much charge flows through the heater in the 3.0 minutes and what is the voltage across the heater?

• A.charge / C: 1.2, voltage / V: 150
• B.charge / C: 1.2, voltage / V: 216
• C.charge / C: 7.5, voltage / V: 0.041
• D.charge / C: 7.5, voltage / V: 24
• E.charge / C: 72, voltage / V: 0.40
• F.charge / C: 72, voltage / V: 2.5
• G.charge / C: 450, voltage / V: 0.40
• H.charge / C: 450, voltage / V: 2.5

Answer: F

A cubic block has a hole through it with a square cross-section. The dimensions are shown on the diagram. The weight of the block is 30 N.

What is the density of the material from which the block is made?

(The gravitational field strength g is $10 N kg^{-1}$.)

• A.$0.30 g cm^{-3}$
• B.$0.40 g cm^{-3}$
• C.$0.60 g cm^{-3}$
• D.$1.2 g cm^{-3}$
• E.$3.0 g cm^{-3}$
• F.$4.0 g cm^{-3}$
• G.$6.0 g cm^{-3}$
• H.$12 g cm^{-3}$

Answer: F

The diagram shows four solid steel balls P, Q, R and S which are of identical size.

Balls P and R have shiny surfaces. Balls Q and S have dull surfaces.

Balls P and Q are in a room at 20°C. Balls R and S are in a room at 40 °C.

The temperature of each ball at a given moment in time is shown on the diagram.

Which two balls lose thermal energy by convection, and which ball emits thermal radiation at the greatest rate?

• A.lose thermal energy by convection: P and Q, greatest rate of emission of thermal radiation: P
• B.lose thermal energy by convection: P and Q, greatest rate of emission of thermal radiation: Q
• C.lose thermal energy by convection: P and Q, greatest rate of emission of thermal radiation: R
• D.lose thermal energy by convection: P and Q, greatest rate of emission of thermal radiation: S
• E.lose thermal energy by convection: R and S, greatest rate of emission of thermal radiation: P
• F.lose thermal energy by convection: R and S, greatest rate of emission of thermal radiation: Q
• G.lose thermal energy by convection: R and S, greatest rate of emission of thermal radiation: R
• H.lose thermal energy by convection: R and S, greatest rate of emission of thermal radiation: S

Answer: D

The diagram shows the velocity-time graph for an object travelling in a straight line over a period of 30 s.

What total distance did the object travel in the 30s, how far from its starting position was it at the end of the 30s, and what was its average speed over the 30 s?

• A.total distance travelled / m: 90, distance from starting position / m: 70, average speed / ms⁻¹: 3.0
• B.total distance travelled / m: 90, distance from starting position / m: 70, average speed / ms⁻¹: 5.0
• C.total distance travelled / m: 90, distance from starting position / m: 90, average speed / ms⁻¹: 3.0
• D.total distance travelled / m: 90, distance from starting position / m: 90, average speed / ms⁻¹: 5.0
• E.total distance travelled / m: 180, distance from starting position / m: 140, average speed / ms⁻¹: 5.0
• F.total distance travelled / m: 180, distance from starting position / m: 140, average speed / ms⁻¹: 6.0
• G.total distance travelled / m: 180, distance from starting position / m: 180, average speed / ms⁻¹: 5.0
• H.total distance travelled / m: 180, distance from starting position / m: 180, average speed / ms⁻¹: 6.0

Answer: A

A sample of a radioactive isotope X decays to one other radioactive isotope Y. Y has a half-life that is double that of X. Initially only X is present.

Which graph could represent how the numbers of nuclei of X and Y that are present in the sample vary with time?

(All graphs cover the same period of time.)

• A.Graph A
• B.Graph B
• C.Graph C
• D.Graph D
• E.Graph E

Answer: A

• A.$\frac{X}{9X-Y} \times 100$
• B.$\frac{X}{9Y-X} \times 100$
• C.$\frac{Y}{9X-Y} \times 100$
• D.$\frac{Y}{9Y-X} \times 100$
• E.$\frac{X}{9X+Y} \times 100$
• F.$\frac{X}{9Y+X} \times 100$
• G.$\frac{Y}{9X+Y} \times 100$
• H.$\frac{Y}{9Y+X} \times 100$

Answer: G

When a stationary uranium-238 nucleus decays by alpha emission it forms a nucleus of thorium-234. The total kinetic energy produced by the decay is E.

What is the kinetic energy of the alpha particle?

• A.$\frac{4E}{238}$
• B.$\frac{4E}{234}$
• C.$\frac{E}{2}$
• D.$\frac{234E}{238}$
• E.E

Answer: D

A student carries out an experiment to measure the speed of sound. A loudspeaker that emits sound in all directions is placed between two buildings that are 128 m apart as shown. The student and loudspeaker are 48 m from one of the buildings.

The loudspeaker is connected to a signal generator that causes it to emit regular clicks. The rate at which the clicks are produced is gradually increased from zero until each echo coincides with a new click being emitted by the loudspeaker.

What is the frequency of emission of clicks when this happens?

(The speed of sound in air = 320 ms⁻¹.)

• A.2.0 Hz
• B.2.5 Hz
• C.3.3 Hz
• D.4.0 Hz
• E.5.3 Hz
• F.6.7 Hz
• G.10 Hz

Answer: G

• A.$^{35}_{17}Cl^-$
• B.$^{37}_{17}Cl$
• C.$^{40}_{18}Ar$
• D.$^{39}_{19}K^+$
• E.$^{39}_{19}K$

Answer: D

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.1 and 3 only
• G.2 and 3 only
• H.1, 2, and 3

Answer: D

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2
• F.1 and 3
• G.2 and 3
• H.1, 2 and 3

Answer: C

• A.$3P + Q \rightleftharpoons 2R + 3S \quad \Delta H$ is +ve
• B.$P + 3Q \rightleftharpoons R + 2S \quad \Delta H$ is +ve
• C.$P + 2Q \rightleftharpoons 2R + S \quad \Delta H$ is +ve
• D.$P + 2Q \rightleftharpoons 3R + S \quad \Delta H$ is -ve
• E.$P + 2Q \rightleftharpoons R + S \quad \Delta H$ is -ve
• F.$2P + Q \rightleftharpoons R + 2S \quad \Delta H$ is -ve

Answer: C

• A.$Br_2O$
• B.$BrO_2$
• C.$Br_2O_5$
• D.$Br_5O_2$
• E.$Br_4O_5$
• F.$Br_5O_4$

Answer: C

• A.70.8
• B.71.0
• C.71.2
• D.121.8
• E.122.0
• F.122.2

Answer: D

A chromatogram was produced for 4 separate dyes (W, X, Y and Z) using filter paper and a water solvent.

A second chromatogram was produced using a mixture of two of the dyes, again using filter paper and a water solvent:

[diagram not to scale]

Which of the following statements, if any, are correct?

1. The concentration of dye W must be twice the concentration of dye Z.
2. The mobile phase is the filter paper.
3. The mixture in the second chromatogram contained dyes W and Y.

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.1 and 3 only
• G.2 and 3 only
• H.1, 2 and 3

Answer: D

The graphs show results of two experiments (W and Z) involving the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Assuming all other conditions are kept constant, which one of the following options would lead to the results shown?

• A.experiment W: 100 cm³ of 1.0 mol dm⁻³ hydrogen peroxide, experiment Z: 50 cm³ of 2.0 mol dm⁻³ hydrogen peroxide
• B.experiment W: catalyst is in lumps, experiment Z: catalyst is finely divided
• C.experiment W: reaction carried out at 25 °C, experiment Z: reaction carried out at 50 °C
• D.experiment W: 2.0 g manganese(IV) oxide used, experiment Z: 1.0 g manganese(IV) oxide used
• E.experiment W: 100 cm³ of 1.0 mol dm⁻³ hydrogen peroxide, experiment Z: 25 cm³ of 2.0 mol dm⁻³ hydrogen peroxide

Answer: E

• A.1 and 2
• B.1 and 3
• C.1 and 4
• D.2 and 3
• E.2 and 4
• F.3 and 4

Answer: C

• A.NO
• B.$NO_2$
• C.$NO_3$
• D.$N_2O_5$
• E.$N_2O_8$

Answer: A

During the electrolysis of a saturated solution of sodium chloride, 2.4 dm³ of hydrogen gas was collected in time t at one of the electrodes.

Assuming no products dissolve, which row in the table correctly gives the mass or volume of the given product collected at the given electrode in time t?

($A_r$: Na = 23; Cl = 35.5; H = 1, 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm³ at room temperature and pressure)

• A.mass or volume: 0.1 g, product: hydrogen, electrode: negative
• B.mass or volume: 2.3 g, product: sodium, electrode: negative
• C.mass or volume: 2.4 dm³, product: chlorine, electrode: positive
• D.mass or volume: 2.4 dm³, product: chlorine, electrode: negative
• E.mass or volume: 2.4 dm³, product: oxygen, electrode: positive
• F.mass or volume: 3.55 g, product: chlorine, electrode: positive
• G.mass or volume: 1.2 dm³, product: oxygen, electrode: negative

Answer: C

• A.– 250 kJ mol⁻¹
• B.– 150 kJ mol⁻¹
• C.– 50 kJ mol⁻¹
• D.+ 50 kJ mol⁻¹
• E.+ 150 kJ mol⁻¹
• F.+ 250 kJ mol⁻¹

Answer: F

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.1 and 3 only
• G.2 and 3 only
• H.1, 2 and 3

Answer: F

• A.0.44 g
• B.0.53 g
• C.0.67 g
• D.0.83 g
• E.0.97 g
• F.1.06 g

Answer: A

• A.0.00 cm³
• B.0.60 cm³
• C.1.20 cm³
• D.25.0 cm³
• E.50.0 cm³
• F.600 cm³
• G.1200 cm³

Answer: F

• A.0.025 g dm⁻³
• B.0.050 g dm⁻³
• C.0.250 g dm⁻³
• D.2.45 g dm⁻³
• E.4.90 g dm⁻³
• F.9.80 g dm⁻³

Answer: D

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.1 and 3 only
• G.2 and 3 only
• H.1, 2 and 3

Answer: C

The structure of ethanol is given below:

Given the equation below and the overall enthalpy change for the reaction, which option correctly identifies the bond energy of the C–O bond in ethanol?

$H_2C=CH_2(g) + H_2O(g) \rightarrow C_2H_5OH(g) \quad \Delta H = -45 kJ mol^{-1}$

(Mean bond energy (kJ mol⁻¹): H-H = +436; C-C = +346; C-H = +413; O-H = +464; C=C = +611)

• A.103 kJ mol⁻¹
• B.316 kJ mol⁻¹
• C.361 kJ mol⁻¹
• D.707 kJ mol⁻¹
• E.825 kJ mol⁻¹

Answer: C

• A.1 only
• B.1 and 2 only
• C.1 and 3 only
• D.2 and 3 only
• E.1, 2 and 3

Answer: C

The diagram shows a plant cell.

Which of the arrows on the diagram show the net movement of water molecules, by osmosis, when the cell is surrounded by a solution that is more concentrated than the solution in the cytoplasm?

• A.1 only
• B.2 only
• C.1 and 3 only
• D.1 and 4 only
• E.2 and 3 only
• F.2 and 4 only

Answer: F

• A.algae
• B.bacteria
• C.ferns
• D.fungi
• E.flowering plants

Answer: A

A student carried out an experiment to investigate how temperature affects the rate of activity of an enzyme found in potatoes. This enzyme breaks down the substrate hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen. The apparatus was set up as shown in the diagram and the experiment carried out at 30 °C.

The student counted the number of bubbles of oxygen produced in one minute. The experiment was repeated at 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. The table shows the results collected by the student.

A group of students were given these results and asked to calculate the percentage decrease in the number of bubbles produced between 30°C and 60 °C. Each student was also asked to write a conclusion to explain the results. These are shown in the table below.

Which student correctly calculated the percentage decrease in the number of bubbles between 30°C and 60 °C and wrote an appropriate conclusion which explains the reason for this decrease?

• A.percentage decrease: 20, conclusion: the high temperature causes the bonds maintaining the structure of the enzyme to break
• B.percentage decrease: 20, conclusion: the temperature of the environment is too hot and the enzyme dies
• C.percentage decrease: 75, conclusion: the high temperature causes the bonds maintaining the structure of the enzyme to break
• D.percentage decrease: 75, conclusion: the temperature of the environment is too hot and the enzyme dies
• E.percentage decrease: 300, conclusion: the high temperature causes the bonds maintaining the structure of the enzyme to break
• F.percentage decrease: 300, conclusion: the temperature of the environment is too hot and the enzyme dies

Answer: C

• A.0
• B.29
• C.58
• D.81229
• E.81258
• F.162458

Answer: E

A student set up the following apparatus at a temperature of 25 °C and at pH 7.

What could the student change so that it would take less than 15 minutes for the solution to become clear?

• A.Carry out the experiment at pH 7, but increase the temperature to 70°C.
• B.Carry out the experiment, stirring the mixture once every 30 seconds.
• C.Carry out the experiment at a temperature of 25 °C and a pH of 13.
• D.Double the volume of both the protein solution and the enzyme solution.
• E.Halve the volume of both the protein solution and the enzyme solution.

Answer: B

The diagram shows the apparatus used by a student to carry out an investigation into the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed. The student measured the distance the gas bubble moved along the capillary tube in 3 minutes as 16 mm. The student calculated the volume of gas produced using the distance moved and the diameter of the capillary tube which was 1.0 mm. After 3 minutes the rate of gas production is reduced.

Which row represents the correct statements for this experiment?

• A.volume of gas produced / mm³: $4\pi$, reason for reduction: all enzyme active sites are occupied
• B.volume of gas produced / mm³: $4\pi$, reason for reduction: carbon dioxide concentration is too low
• C.volume of gas produced / mm³: $16\pi$, reason for reduction: carbon dioxide concentration is too low
• D.volume of gas produced / mm³: $16\pi$, reason for reduction: photosynthesis enzymes denatured
• E.volume of gas produced / mm³: $16.5\pi$, reason for reduction: carbon dioxide concentration is too low
• F.volume of gas produced / mm³: $16.5\pi$, reason for reduction: photosynthesis enzymes denatured
• G.volume of gas produced / mm³: $34\pi$, reason for reduction: all enzyme active sites are occupied
• H.volume of gas produced / mm³: $34\pi$, reason for reduction: photosynthesis enzymes denatured

Answer: B

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.1 and 3 only
• G.2 and 3 only
• H.1, 2 and 3

Answer: B

The diagram shows the tip of a plant shoot, with two areas labelled P and Q.

A student wrote the following statements to explain the growth of this shoot:

1. Cells at P are smaller than the cells at Q.
2. Concentration of plant hormone is higher at Q than P.
3. Unidirectional light has caused a change in the concentration of plant hormone at P.

Which of the student's statements, if any, could be correct?

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.1 and 3 only
• G.2 and 3 only
• H.1, 2 and 3

Answer: H

In an investigation, a molecule of DNA was extracted and separated into its single strands 1 and 2. The percentage of each base present in each strand was found.

The table shows some of the results for strand 1.

P, Q, R and S are the percentages of each base in the complementary strand 2.

A student calculates the following percentages for P, Q, R and S:

P 14%
Q 28%
R 26%
S 28%

Which of the percentages is/are correct?

• A.P only
• B.Q only
• C.R only
• D.S only
• E.P and Q only
• F.R and S only

Answer: E

Cystic fibrosis is a condition of the respiratory system caused by abnormal ion transport in the lungs. It is a recessive genetic condition.

A female carrier has a child with a male who is also a carrier. What are the probabilities of the child having the characteristics described in the table below?

• A.probability that the child is a male with cystic fibrosis: 1/4, probability that the child is a female who does not have cystic fibrosis but carries the recessive allele: 1/8
• B.probability that the child is a male with cystic fibrosis: 1/4, probability that the child is a female who does not have cystic fibrosis but carries the recessive allele: 1/4
• C.probability that the child is a male with cystic fibrosis: 1/4, probability that the child is a female who does not have cystic fibrosis but carries the recessive allele: 1/2
• D.probability that the child is a male with cystic fibrosis: 1/6, probability that the child is a female who does not have cystic fibrosis but carries the recessive allele: 1/8
• E.probability that the child is a male with cystic fibrosis: 1/6, probability that the child is a female who does not have cystic fibrosis but carries the recessive allele: 1/4
• F.probability that the child is a male with cystic fibrosis: 1/6, probability that the child is a female who does not have cystic fibrosis but carries the recessive allele: 1/2
• G.probability that the child is a male with cystic fibrosis: 1/8, probability that the child is a female who does not have cystic fibrosis but carries the recessive allele: 1/4
• H.probability that the child is a male with cystic fibrosis: 1/8, probability that the child is a female who does not have cystic fibrosis but carries the recessive allele: 1/2

Answer: G

• A.1 only
• B.2 only
• C.4 only
• D.2 and 3 only
• E.4 and 5 only
• F.1, 2 and 5 only
• G.1, 3 and 4 only

Answer: E

A diploid cell from a type of fly that contains 8 chromosomes, divides to form sperm cells.

Which row is correct for the number of strands of DNA in each sperm cell and the number of sperm cells produced?

• A.number of strands of DNA in each sperm cell: 4, number of sperm cells produced: 2
• B.number of strands of DNA in each sperm cell: 4, number of sperm cells produced: 4
• C.number of strands of DNA in each sperm cell: 8, number of sperm cells produced: 2
• D.number of strands of DNA in each sperm cell: 8, number of sperm cells produced: 4
• E.number of strands of DNA in each sperm cell: 16, number of sperm cells produced: 2
• F.number of strands of DNA in each sperm cell: 16, number of sperm cells produced: 4

Answer: D

A healthy human is running a race over a distance of 1500 metres as fast as possible.

Which row shows molecules that would be in a higher concentration in a vein carrying blood away from an actively contracting leg muscle of the runner compared to an artery carrying blood to the capillaries in the muscle?

• A.glucose: ✓, carbon dioxide: ✓, lactic acid: ✓
• B.glucose: X, carbon dioxide: ✓, lactic acid: ✓
• C.glucose: X, carbon dioxide: X, lactic acid: ✓
• D.glucose: X, carbon dioxide: X, lactic acid: X
• E.glucose: ✓, carbon dioxide: ✓, lactic acid: X
• F.glucose: ✓, carbon dioxide: X, lactic acid: X
• G.glucose: X, carbon dioxide: ✓, lactic acid: X

Answer: B

The sex of species Q is controlled by two chromosomes X and Y.

The sex of females of species Q is controlled by inheriting the same combination of sex chromosomes as healthy male humans. The sex of males in species Q is inherited in the same way as healthy female humans.

The family tree for one population of species Q is shown.

What is the ratio in its simplest form of males to females and the total number of Y chromosomes in this family tree?

• A.ratio: 1:0.5, total number of Y chromosomes: 9
• B.ratio: 1.8:1, total number of Y chromosomes: 9
• C.ratio: 5:9, total number of Y chromosomes: 5
• D.ratio: 5:9, total number of Y chromosomes: 9
• E.ratio: 9:5, total number of Y chromosomes: 9
• F.ratio: 9:5, total number of Y chromosomes: 19
• G.ratio: 1:2, total number of Y chromosomes: 19

Answer: D

The graph shows how a number of factors vary with the distance down a river, after a source of pollution flowed in.

(Assume the oxygen concentration is changing only based on the species present in the river.)

Which one of the statements below can be correctly concluded from the graph?

• A.At point 1, the oxygen concentration is decreasing because of increased anaerobic respiration.
• B.At point 2, the oxygen concentration is decreasing because high numbers of algae are photosynthesising.
• C.At point 3, the oxygen concentration is decreasing because bacteria are using up more oxygen than the algae are producing.
• D.At point 4, the number of bloodworms and sludgeworms will be lowest because they lack oxygen.
• E.At point 5, fish numbers increase because there is less competition with algae for oxygen.

Answer: C

The graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on an enzyme-controlled reaction when all the other variables were kept constant.

Which of the following labels, if any, could be correct for the y-axis?

1. rate of substrate loss/mg min⁻¹
2. rate of enzyme-substrate complex formation/number of complexes s⁻¹
3. rate of product formed per enzyme molecule/mg min⁻¹

• A.none of them
• B.1 only
• C.2 only
• D.3 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.1 and 3 only
• G.2 and 3 only
• H.1, 2 and 3

Answer: H

The table shows the DNA base triplet codes that are valid for this question and the amino acids that they code for.

Consider the part of the DNA sequence shown:

... CGC AGT ... ->

Two mutations will occur in the DNA sequence. The initial mutation is an insertion of an additional base between the first and second bases in the sequence. The second mutation, which takes place some time after the first mutation, is a deletion that removes one base from the sequence.

Assuming that this DNA sequence is part of a longer sequence coding for a protein, and that no other mutations are occurring, what are the probabilities of the following?

• A.probability that after the first mutation, the first triplet in this sequence does not code for arginine: 1/4, probability that after the second mutation, both of the triplets in this sequence code for arginine: 1/28
• B.probability that after the first mutation, the first triplet in this sequence does not code for arginine: 1/4, probability that after the second mutation, both of the triplets in this sequence code for arginine: 1/24
• C.probability that after the first mutation, the first triplet in this sequence does not code for arginine: 1/4, probability that after the second mutation, both of the triplets in this sequence code for arginine: 11/28
• D.probability that after the first mutation, the first triplet in this sequence does not code for arginine: 1/4, probability that after the second mutation, both of the triplets in this sequence code for arginine: 10/24
• E.probability that after the first mutation, the first triplet in this sequence does not code for arginine: 3/4, probability that after the second mutation, both of the triplets in this sequence code for arginine: 1/28
• F.probability that after the first mutation, the first triplet in this sequence does not code for arginine: 3/4, probability that after the second mutation, both of the triplets in this sequence code for arginine: 1/24
• G.probability that after the first mutation, the first triplet in this sequence does not code for arginine: 3/4, probability that after the second mutation, both of the triplets in this sequence code for arginine: 11/28
• H.probability that after the first mutation, the first triplet in this sequence does not code for arginine: 3/4, probability that after the second mutation, both of the triplets in this sequence code for arginine: 10/24

Answer: E

• A.$p = -1 \pm \frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}$
• B.$p = 1$ or $p = -3$
• C.$p = 1$
• D.$p = 1 \pm \sqrt{7}$
• E.there are no values for p

Answer: C

A parachutist is falling at terminal speed with his parachute open. The diagrams show, separately, the vertical forces acting on the parachute and the vertical forces acting on the parachutist.

The letters L, M, N, P, Q and R represent the magnitude of each force as indicated.

Consider the following equations:

Equation 1: $L = M + N$
Equation 2: $R = P + Q$
Equation 3: $L = Q$
Equation 4: $N = P$
Equation 5: $M + R = L + Q$

Which of these equations, if any, is/are the direct result of the application of Newton's Third Law to this situation?

• A.none of them
• B.3 only
• C.4 only
• D.5 only
• E.1 and 2 only
• F.3 and 4 only
• G.1, 2 and 5 only
• H.1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Answer: C

• A.$x^2 + y^2 - 4x + 6y + 4 = 0$
• B.$x^2 + y^2 - 4x + 6y + 9 = 0$
• C.$x^2 + y^2 + 4x - 6y + 4 = 0$
• D.$x^2 + y^2 + 4x - 6y + 9 = 0$
• E.$x^2 + y^2 - 6x - 4y + 9 = 0$
• F.$x^2 + y^2 - 6x + 4y + 4 = 0$
• G.$x^2 + y^2 + 6x - 4y + 4 = 0$
• H.$x^2 + y^2 + 6x + 4y + 9 = 0$

Answer: C

A shopper pushes a supermarket trolley a distance of 15 m in a straight line across a level, horizontal surface. The shopper applies a constant force of 50 N at an angle of 37° below the horizontal. The total weight of the trolley and its contents is 350 N.

What is the magnitude of the total vertical force that the surface exerts on the trolley and how much work is done by the pushing force?

(You may use the approximations $sin 37° = 0.60; cos 37° = 0.80$.)

• A.vertical force / N: 380, work done / J: 600
• B.vertical force / N: 380, work done / J: 750
• C.vertical force / N: 390, work done / J: 450
• D.vertical force / N: 390, work done / J: 750
• E.vertical force / N: 400, work done / J: 450
• F.vertical force / N: 400, work done / J: 600

Answer: A

• A.$8(1+\sqrt{2})$
• B.$8(1-\sqrt{2})$
• C.$8(2+\sqrt{2})$
• D.$8(2-\sqrt{2})$
• E.16
• F.$\frac{8\sqrt[5]{4}}{\sqrt[5]{4}-1}$
• G.$\frac{8\sqrt[5]{4}}{\sqrt[5]{4}+1}$

Answer: C

A plank of non-uniform density which has a mass of 15 kg is used to make a see-saw. A pivot is placed under the centre of the plank as shown on the diagram.

[diagram not to scale]

A boy of mass 35 kg sits at one end of the plank with his centre of gravity 1.20 m from the pivot. The see-saw balances when a woman of mass 60 kg sits on the plank on the other side of the pivot. Her centre of gravity is 0.80 m from the pivot.

Where is the centre of gravity of the plank and what is the magnitude of the force between the pivot and the plank?

(The gravitational field strength g is $10 N kg^{-1}$.)

• A.distance from pivot: 0.40 m on left of pivot, force / N: 100
• B.distance from pivot: 0.40 m on left of pivot, force / N: 1100
• C.distance from pivot: at the pivot, force / N: 100
• D.distance from pivot: at the pivot, force / N: 1100
• E.distance from pivot: 0.20 m on right of pivot, force / N: 100
• F.distance from pivot: 0.20 m on right of pivot, force / N: 1100
• G.distance from pivot: 0.40 m on right of pivot, force / N: 100
• H.distance from pivot: 0.40 m on right of pivot, force / N: 1100

Answer: H

Tangents are drawn from a point P to a circle of radius 10 cm.

The centre of the circle is C and the distance PC is 20 cm.

Which one of the following is an expression for the shaded area in square centimetres?

• A.$\frac{100}{3}(3\sqrt{3}-\pi)$
• B.$\frac{100}{3}(3\sqrt{5}-\pi)$
• C.$\frac{50}{3}(6\sqrt{3}-\pi)$
• D.$\frac{50}{3}(6\sqrt{5}-\pi)$
• E.$\frac{50}{3}(\sqrt{3}-2\pi)$
• F.$\frac{50}{3}(2\pi-\sqrt{3})$

Answer: A

A car of mass 200 kg on a fairground ride travels at a speed of $5.0 ms^{-1}$ at point X. The car is allowed to move down a sloping section of track without any energy input. The heights above the ground of points X and Y are shown. When the car reaches point Y its speed is $9.0 ms^{-1}$.

How much energy is transferred in overcoming resistive forces as the car travels from X to Y?

(The gravitational field strength g is $10 N kg^{-1}$.)

• A.3900 J
• B.6400 J
• C.7900 J
• D.10400 J
• E.11200 J

Answer: B

• A.$cos \theta = -\frac{3}{5}$ or $-\frac{1}{2}$
• B.$cos \theta = -\frac{3}{5}$ or $\frac{1}{2}$
• C.$cos \theta = \frac{3}{5}$ or $\frac{1}{2}$
• D.$cos \theta = \frac{3}{5}$ or $-\frac{1}{2}$

Answer: D

The diagram shows a uniform, solid, heavy cube with side d. The cube rests with one of its edges in contact with a table that is perfectly level. A horizontal force P acts on another edge of the cube, and the cube is stationary.

[diagram not to scale]

Below are four statements about the forces on the cube.

1. It is possible that there is no frictional force between the cube and the table.
2. There must be a frictional force acting to the left between the cube and the table.
3. There must be a frictional force acting to the right between the cube and the table.
4. Force P has a clockwise moment about the edge in contact with the table equal to $P \times d$.

Which of the statements is/are correct?

• A.1 only
• B.2 only
• C.3 only
• D.1 and 4 only
• E.2 and 4 only
• F.3 and 4 only

Answer: B

• A.no values of a
• B.$-4\sqrt{2} < a < 4\sqrt{2}$
• C.$a < -4\sqrt{2}, a > 4\sqrt{2}$
• D.$-4 < a < 8$
• E.$a < -4, a > 8$
• F.$-8 < a < 4$
• G.$a < -8, a > 4$
• H.all values of a

Answer: G

An object is fired vertically upwards from the ground at time t = 0 s in still air at a speed of $8.0 ms^{-1}$.

On the way up, what is the height of the object above the ground when it has a speed of $2.0 ms^{-1}$, and at what time does it reach this height on the way down?

(The gravitational field strength g is $10 N kg^{-1}$. Air resistance can be ignored.)

• A.height / m: 2.4, time / s: 0.60
• B.height / m: 2.4, time / s: 0.64
• C.height / m: 2.4, time / s: 1.0
• D.height / m: 2.4, time / s: 2.0
• E.height / m: 3.0, time / s: 0.60
• F.height / m: 3.0, time / s: 0.64
• G.height / m: 3.0, time / s: 1.0
• H.height / m: 3.0, time / s: 2.0

Answer: G